{"id":130,"date":"2025-06-24T07:16:41","date_gmt":"2025-06-24T07:16:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/insanzihintoplum.net.tr\/?p=130"},"modified":"2025-06-24T13:07:05","modified_gmt":"2025-06-24T13:07:05","slug":"ozgurluk-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/insanzihintoplum.net.tr\/?p=130","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"AVvXsEjqAIDZaZeY0TdAmUAdRmKQ1TgOywrsZo-l0erE4605N-AF62ANKl3sjX3JFHaL5sp-twHBsclxqdvU6rU3jQEpVFnWpsCYjtru1amQeaK-xPF4DepODf0NAyQuY8fOgUHspnOq5fpx-0Ojoj1FybdvVn40ksm8dh0dYrGDaoW3c8fooUJvG_UQNczsZLqh=w545-h362<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck var m\u0131d\u0131r, yok mudur sorusunun cevab\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckle ilgili tan\u0131m\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck nedir dendi\u011finde felsefe tarihi boyunca \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli cevaplar verilmi\u015f bunun sonuncunda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da yoklu\u011fu bir anlam ifade eder olmu\u015ftur.  <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kavram\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 kavramlarla ili\u015fkisine bakmak yerinde olacakt\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u0131\u015f \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve \u0130\u00e7 \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar bizim eylemlerimizde ne kadar \u00f6zg\u00fcr olaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z konusunda s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar koyar. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 birlikte ya\u015faman\u0131n gerekleri olurken bir k\u0131sm\u0131 insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerine varabilir. \u0130nsan\u0131n do\u011fu\u015ftan getirdi\u011fi haklar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar taraf\u0131ndan engellenmesi d\u0131\u015f \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn engellenmesi anlam\u0131na gelir. \u0130\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ise ki\u015filerin iradesine vurgu yapar. Bir durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ihtiya\u00e7 hissetti\u011fim ve istedi\u011fim tepkiyi verebiliyorsam, d\u0131\u015f \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn engellenmedi\u011fi ko\u015fullarda i\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm geli\u015fmi\u015ftir ya da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negatif ve pozitif \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Negatif \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, ki\u015filerin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engellerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015filerin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne engel olmas\u0131na izin verilmemesi olarak anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Ki\u015filer bir otoritenin h\u00fckm\u00fc alt\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lamaz. Negatif \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck; ki\u015finin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hakk\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131d\u0131r da diyebiliriz. Pozitif \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ise ki\u015finin hedeflerine ula\u015fabilmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engellerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Sahip oldu\u011fu cinsiyet, inan\u00e7, din, \u0131rk, s\u0131n\u0131f gibi \u00f6zelliklerinden dolay\u0131 ay\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa u\u011framad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kendi ideallerine ve hedeflerine ula\u015fabilece\u011fi bir ortam\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Psikoloji ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"AVvXsEjviBhWFic87uhV84D9WkYnTQRNPwgO0WZghaSQJzgyNKmFVa7w-dxSalCTEwJbIb8HRDAqnXpefu0eYKrjGYaw8aVx1WbpWM49-oCbS8X4ICiMEBoSlrl1WA37OChK5tO_zAZuWKVlm0erGiZ8QH7L6BRHWAUeQcMs_E52IYlGukYcbHM2oxN0-C0FRdwK=w411-h613<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hangi parametrelerle ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f acaba psikolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan diye sordu\u011fumuzda, verebilece\u011fimiz ilk yan\u0131t do\u011fu\u015ftan getirdi\u011fimiz \u00f6zellikler diyebiliriz. Fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerimiz, fiziksel g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlerken asl\u0131nda fiziksel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn de s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Zek\u00e2 d\u00fczeyimiz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kapasitemizi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrken zihnimizin duvarlar\u0131n\u0131 ne kadar zorlayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kapasitemizin boyutlar\u0131n\u0131, yapabilece\u011fimiz eylemlerin, i\u015flerin, mesleklerin t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc belirliyor. Sahip oldu\u011fumuz ruhsal hastal\u0131klar alt\u0131nda, eylemlerimiz ger\u00e7ekte ne kadar \u00f6zg\u00fcr olacakt\u0131r. Bu durum da \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcze bir kota koymaktad\u0131r. Bir psikolojik rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 var sayal\u0131m, ki\u015filik yap\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bize sunduklar\u0131 da bizim i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 bir durum ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. T\u00fcm ko\u015fullar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 masaya koydu\u011fumuzda belli bir d\u00fczeyde bunlar \u00fczerinde etkimiz olacakt\u0131r, ama bu etki yine de bir s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131yacakt\u0131r. O halde \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck akl\u0131m\u0131zdan her ge\u00e7eni yapabilece\u011fimiz bir durumdan ziyade i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz durumun bilincinde olarak ve bunu kabullenerek sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir ilerleme ve bundan duyaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir memnuniyet i\u00e7erir. Peki; ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z k\u0131s\u0131tlar\u0131n fark\u0131nda de\u011filsek ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6zg\u00fcr olabilir miyiz? Buna cevab\u0131m net bir \u015fekilde hay\u0131r olacakt\u0131r. Bizi di\u011fer canl\u0131lardan ay\u0131ran temel yetimiz, bulundu\u011fumuz durumu kavrayabilme becerimizdir. Bilincimizi devreye ge\u00e7iremeyecek derecede bir k\u0131s\u0131t\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n olmas\u0131 durumunu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kavram\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutuyorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve bilin\u00e7 aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131 kuran d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel kuramlara ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlere bu konuda kat\u0131l\u0131yorum. Bilin\u00e7 devreden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir se\u00e7imden de \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten de s\u00f6z edemeyiz. Ki\u015fisel anlamda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcze duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimiz de etki eder. \u0130stek ve h\u0131rslar\u0131m\u0131z, \u00f6fkemiz, \u00f6n yarg\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z, sahip oldu\u011fumuz yanl\u0131\u015f bilgi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler karar mekanizmam\u0131z \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bask\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir yer de bizim \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bu bask\u0131yla ne kadar m\u00fccadele edebildi\u011fimize g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Hayata, topluma ve kendimize dair ne kadar fark\u0131ndal\u0131k olu\u015fturursak verece\u011fimiz kararlar da bizi o kadar \u00f6zg\u00fcr k\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beklenti ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hayat hepimiz i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 anlamlar ta\u015f\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 istek ve arzular\u0131m\u0131z, farkl\u0131 hedeflerimiz, farkl\u0131 beklentilerimiz var. Hayat yolunda bir\u00e7ok zorlukla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r, kimi istek ve arzular\u0131m\u0131za, hedeflerimize, beklentilerimize kavu\u015famay\u0131z. Hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 da hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Burada verece\u011fimiz tepki bizim \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcze ket de vurabilir bizi \u00f6zg\u00fcr de k\u0131labilir. Beklentilerimizin kar\u015f\u0131lanamamas\u0131n\u0131n bizi \u00fczmesi normaldir, ama hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6kmek ve ya\u015famay\u0131 b\u0131rakmak hayat\u0131 istek ve arzulardan, beklentilerden ibaret k\u0131lar. Oysa bunlar hayat\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r, istekler de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir, yeni hedefler belirlenebilir, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar ba\u015fka alanlara y\u00f6nelmemizi sa\u011flayabilir. Hayatta kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zorluklarda g\u00f6sterdi\u011fimiz esneklik kadar \u00f6zg\u00fcr\u00fcz. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle evrene uyum sa\u011flamak \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn anahtar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"AVvXsEjfe2XtcXv665ylTNK0nZABeWHLoUsTk-c_W2WHtsL-6aLoUneuXhK57YrWXEJMy8PoOnTDTKOlgU2vyszPdmwtGa5XRJkYPpwqHdEq6inRxGK2sY6LrQ_BiU8QbgG07bRNPW9puJ5OJOIvBYM33zjV0EWqnGQILiW7P2r5eBgIptl9d7m7TDCReBBn_WXT=w412-h515<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sosyal hayatta ne kadar \u00f6zg\u00fcr\u00fcz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131zda. Hepimiz bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr i\u00e7inde ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Yeti\u015firken i\u00e7selle\u015ftirdi\u011fimiz bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6\u011feler do\u011frultusunda hayat\u0131m\u0131z boyunca bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr i\u00e7inde var oluyoruz. Kimi zaman isteklerimiz k\u00fclt\u00fcr duvar\u0131na \u00e7arp\u0131yor. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak benimsedi\u011fimiz her \u015feyi motomot uygulamam\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Ki\u015fisel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z, ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z, sahip oldu\u011fumuz entelekt\u00fcel birikim farkl\u0131 davranma iste\u011fine bizi itti\u011finde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir sosyal bask\u0131 var. Bu bask\u0131 ne zaman \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc elimizden al\u0131r. \u0130nsan do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi kendi ile ve i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu toplum ile de ba\u011f kurmak zorundad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011f\u0131 kurarken yolda kendini kaybetti\u011finde asl\u0131nda kaybetti\u011fi \u015fey \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr de. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel kodlar ile kendi de\u011ferlerimiz aras\u0131nda bir denge kuramadan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hissini ya\u015famak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve Ahlak \u0130li\u015fkisi <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cant; kendi \u201cAhlak Yasas\u0131n\u0131\u201d anlat\u0131rken temel kavram olarak otonomi kavram\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Otonomi karar verme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip ki\u015finin kendi vicdani duygular\u0131na dayanarak do\u011fru olan\u0131 yapmas\u0131 ve kendi vicdan\u0131n\u0131n kurallar\u0131na uymas\u0131d\u0131r. Ki\u015finin \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesinin olmas\u0131 ona sorumluluklar\u0131na uygun davranmas\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6dev ve sorumluluk ahlak\u0131 do\u011frultusunda hareket etmesini buyurur. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ki\u015fiye istedi\u011fi her \u015feyi yapma hakk\u0131 vermez, sorumluluk ve \u00f6dev bilinciyle kendi vicdan\u0131n buyruklar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda ya\u015famay\u0131 emreder. Ki\u015fi bunlar\u0131 bir cezadan sak\u0131nmak i\u00e7in de\u011fil kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z eylem olarak sorumluluk bilinciyle yapar. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, \u00f6dev ve sorumluluk ilkelerinin ki\u015fi vicdan\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan de\u011ferlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesiyle \u201cAhlak Yasas\u0131n\u0131\u201d olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Varolu\u015f\u00e7uluk ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kierkegaard ve Heidegger\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel alt yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 varolu\u015f\u00e7uluk ak\u0131m\u0131 Jean Paul Sartre ile kavramsal bir netli\u011fe kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur. \u201cVarolu\u015f \u00f6zden \u00f6nce gelir.\u201d slogan\u0131yla yola \u00e7\u0131kan varolu\u015f\u00e7uluk insana toplum taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcklenen rollerin birer maske oldu\u011funu insan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn bu maskelerden \u00f6nce, orada var oldu\u011funu, insan\u0131n \u00f6z iradesi ile kendini in\u015fa etme sorumlulu\u011fu, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle hayat\u0131na anlam katma sorumlulu\u011funun din ve inan\u00e7 sistemlerinde ya da toplumda de\u011fil ki\u015finin kendisinde oldu\u011funu savunur. Hayata anlam vermeyi ve kendini in\u015fa etmeyi ihmal eden ki\u015filer \u00f6zg\u00fcr de\u011fildir, toplumsal roller ve maskeler i\u00e7inde s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Otantikli\u011finin fark\u0131na varan ve onu \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesi ile maskelerden s\u0131y\u0131r\u0131p g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karan ki\u015filer \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn de kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7ar. \u0130\u00e7inde var olan \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karabilmi\u015f, kendini ya\u015fayabilen insan \u00f6zg\u00fcrd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve Liberalizm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"AVvXsEhwlPll0-viK9JwmeAIiFJ0Gr72RxhnwjeBwNs5-9_DYCFCJ8BIHKDwZyyqWWupjS3feeVp6Gq09xDEavrvHW_xW5gL-DEzja1VdsdiG9wOY0D8J-xKyrErSYVxFilJp-iLOf66Z4wBZYA5oOm29hs1fqSseqCuxxR8aNwNM_GWgBvb7H6ghVYrmjgdYiOm=w476-h317<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

17. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda John Locke\u2019un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri ile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn hayat\u0131nda etkisini g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flayan liberalizm, 18. Y\u00fcz y\u0131lda Ayd\u0131nlanma \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda liberal fikirlerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131yla kendini in\u015fa ederek \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kavram\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sisteminin merkezine oturttu. Bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere ve bireysel haklara vurgu yapan liberalizm i\u00e7in, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 temel kavramlard\u0131r. M\u00fclkiyete sahip olma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc temel bir hak olarak kabul edilir. Liberalizm m\u00fclkiyet kavram\u0131n\u0131 sadece ekonomik bir terim olarak kullanmaz, bireyin sahip oldu\u011fu maddi ve manevi her \u015fey ki\u015finin m\u00fclkiyetidir ve ki\u015finin bu m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131na devlet sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermekle ve korumakla m\u00fckelleftir. Liberalizm; \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, inan\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, sek\u00fcler devlet, liberal demokrasi, ekonomik ve siyasi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, e\u015fitlik, \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet ve siyasi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck prensipleri ile bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7abalar. Liberalizm; Y\u00fcz y\u0131llard\u0131r tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kavram\u0131na farkl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar getirerek, devletler nezdinde de bir\u00e7ok uygulamaya kaynakl\u0131k yaparak insan ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kavramlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde derin etkilere sahip bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve Sosyalizm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sosyalizm \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n topluma ait olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, \u00fcretimi \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn de\u011fil kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunan, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 demokrasiyi ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00f6netime kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemseyen bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemidir. Radikal sosyalizmde bu savunular t\u00fcm \u00fcretimin kamu eliyle yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015feklinde uygulanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Sosyalist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n topluma ait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten bahsedilemeyece\u011fini vurgular. \u00dcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n sermaye odaklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan gasp edildi\u011fini, ihtiya\u00e7larla bo\u011fu\u015fan ve sermayeden hak etti\u011fi pay\u0131 almayan hi\u00e7 kimsenin \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunur. Sol d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemini benimseyen bir k\u0131s\u0131m siyasi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler kimi sekt\u00f6rlerin, kimi zaman da \u00f6zel durumlarda \u00fcretimin kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 savunurlar. Daha kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 bir demokrasi ve ekonomik anlamda dezavantajl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n desteklenerek f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011finin yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve sosyal e\u015fitli\u011fin savunulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aba harcarlar. Sosyalizm, devletler nezdinde geni\u015f bir uygulama alan\u0131 bulamasa da sosyalist ak\u0131mlar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i haklar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na, sendikala\u015fmaya ve devletlerin sosyal devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli derecelerde uygulayarak f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011fi i\u00e7in sistemler kurulmas\u0131na, sosyal e\u015fitli\u011fi sa\u011flama anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olarak y\u00f6netimlerde ve toplumlarda derin etkiler yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve Feminizm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"AVvXsEhW1PZwz6GiCm13kdQdyW57dfJ5SD-caJlMdN79H1Q6wO58RFMF-dy57FEU0iv5wj8iRQRDJNFrzfOim1BLyQoM4WXEwsSK0fO4PEpNRVwWXuLIL7zp_QsdBr-7pg95yzKpOlC4s2SkooDlZN_5hZMX7z0tAkfNKZxiFbtUdmG6Wh4AHsl1Dazy7tHCiwV7=w408-h563<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Feminizm cinsiyetler aras\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 reddederek cinsiyetleri e\u015fit kabul eder. Sosyal, siyasal ve hukuksal anlamda cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fini savunarak, cinsiyete dayal\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131kla m\u00fccadele eder. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ancak cinsiyete dayal\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n ortadan kalkmas\u0131yla \u00f6zg\u00fcr olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunur. Cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi yaln\u0131zca kad\u0131nlar\u0131n de\u011fil ataerkil sistemin dayatmalar\u0131yla tan\u0131mlanan cinsiyet rolleri alt\u0131nda ezilen erkeklerin ve LBGT\u0130Q+ bireylerin de \u00f6zg\u00fcr olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgular. Cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011finin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir durumda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten bahsedilemez. Ekonomik hayattaki ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131klardan tutun da ev i\u00e7indeki cinsiyet rollerinin dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fitsizli\u011fe kadar her alanda e\u015fitlik m\u00fccadelesi veren feminizm hareketi hem sosyal hem siyasal bir ak\u0131m olarak kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n da mimar\u0131 olarak hayatlar\u0131m\u0131zda yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 pozitif derin izlerle bu m\u00fccadeleye devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck farkl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lardan farkl\u0131 tan\u0131mlarla kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131ksa da Mihail Baku\u2019nun<\/a><\/strong> \u201cBir insan\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde biter.\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcnde de ifade edildi\u011fi gibi belirli s\u0131n\u0131rlara tabidir. \u0130nsan haklar\u0131 ve e\u015fitlik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck i\u00e7in belirleyici parametreler olarak \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde durmaktad\u0131r. Liberalizmin belirtti\u011fi; demokrasi, e\u015fitlik, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi de\u011ferler insan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc koruma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlard\u0131r. Kendilik bilincinin de \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir a\u015fama oldu\u011funu hep birlikte m\u00fc\u015fahede ettik.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcr bir hayat dile\u011fiyle\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/<\/a> SARTRED A \u00d6ZG\u00dcRL\u00dc K AS\u00cdS. Hamdi YASAMAN<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.feniksdergi.org\/ozgurluk-nedir\/<\/a> G\u00fcner \u00d6r\u00fcc\u00fc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.akademikkaynak.com\/<\/a> ozgurluk-nedir.html-\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Nedir: Liberal, Marksist ve Feminist Bak\u0131\u015f A\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck-Ar\u015f. G\u00f6r. O\u011fuzhan Koca <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net\/<\/a> K\u00fcreselle\u015fme \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Getiriyor mu?1 \u0130lhan \u0130nan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/<\/a> \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00dcst\u00fcne\u201d Bireycilik ve T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u00e7in Dersler-Mehmet Dikkaya<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Nedir? \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck var m\u0131d\u0131r, yok mudur sorusunun cevab\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckle ilgili tan\u0131m\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck nedir dendi\u011finde felsefe tarihi boyunca \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli cevaplar verilmi\u015f bunun sonuncunda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da yoklu\u011fu bir anlam ifade eder olmu\u015ftur.   \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kavram\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 kavramlarla ili\u015fkisine bakmak yerinde olacakt\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve \u0130\u00e7 \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck D\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar bizim […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":131,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[113,118,120,124,112,115,123,114,117,119,91,121,125,116,122],"class_list":["post-130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hayatin-icinden","tag-ahlak","tag-beklenti","tag-dis-ozgurluk","tag-feminizm","tag-ic-ozgurluk","tag-kultur","tag-liberalizm","tag-negatif-ozgurluk","tag-ozgurluk","tag-pozitif-ozgurluk","tag-psikoloji","tag-sorumluluk","tag-sosyalizm","tag-sosyoloji","tag-varolusculuk"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/insanzihintoplum.net.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/insanzihintoplum.net.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/insanzihintoplum.net.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insanzihintoplum.net.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insanzihintoplum.net.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=130"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/insanzihintoplum.net.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":134,"href":"https:\/\/insanzihintoplum.net.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130\/revisions\/134"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insanzihintoplum.net.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/insanzihintoplum.net.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insanzihintoplum.net.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insanzihintoplum.net.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}